Endocrine Abstracts

As medical science and technology have advanced health care delivery particularly in diabetes has struggled to provide consistent high quality care. The document ‘Making every child and young person with diabetes matter’ provides the overarching direction in which health care should move. The challenge now is to execute the task at the regional and local levels. Diabetes is a classic chronic disease that requires continuous monitoring/input, involves different specia...

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Congenital adrenal hyperplasia (CAH) is a life-time disorder affecting 1 in 10 000–15 000 infants and in 90–95% of cases is due to a reduction in the activity of the adrenal 21-hydroxylase enzyme. CAH is frequently diagnosed in the newborn period with virilisation of the genitalia in females and salt-wasting (SW) in both sexes, the latter associated with very low levels of 21-hydroxylase enzyme activity. The simple virilising (SV) form presents during childhood with ...

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Iodine is an essential part of thyroid hormones, and many processes in the thyroid gland adapt to changes in iodine supply. Still, abnormalities in iodine intake are of major importance for the occurrence of thyroid diseases. Historically, the intake of iodine from food and beverage has been low in large parts of the world. Depending on the level of insufficiency, this has been associated with disturbed reproduction, developmental brain damage, and a high occurrence of goitre ...

All higher life forms critically depend on hormones being rhythmically released by the anterior pituitary. The proper functioning of this gland is dynamically controlled by a complex set of regulatory mechanisms that ultimately determine the fine tuning of endocrine cells. Strikingly, the pituitary needs to retain its integrity in order secrete highly ordered hormone pulses (up to a thousand fold rise in hormone levels!) while it displays an apparently heterogeneous distributi...

Malignancy is the most common cause of hypercalcaemia. Hypercalcaemia in solid tumours involves the secretion of humoral factors by tumour cells that act systemically on target organs (bone, kidney) to alter calcium homeostasis. Parathyroid hormone-related protein (PTHrP) is a major humoral factor. It is produced by a variety of solid tumours and acts on PTH receptors to cause increased calcium reabsorption from renal tubules and increased bone resorption. Other humoral tumour...